Cannot see any sidebar and edit Post Template

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,

First of all I would like to give compliments to you and your Newspaper Theme. It works now after a long time of working in, very well. Its very complex but Tag Div Composer is a good software.

Now I need special help: I come with two questions to you.

I try since two weeks now to bring to work the sidebars.
My website is: http://www.peter-jurgilewitsch.de
I want to see the sidebar in posts and may be in some pages to use some widgets there on the side.
I tried what I could. If you call one of my posts you see that I switched on the sidebar function but the space is empty on the right side.
I studied many times your tutorials, but to be honest I did not understand how I cen bring to work this. The tutorial videos are so quick and short, like comercial, so nobody shows you slow and exactly how to bring for example a widget in the sidebar. I know thats something for children may be for you, but I did not come to sucsess.

The second thing is, that I prepard the whole side for al devices full responsive. This work with tagdiv composer very good. Bur: In the standard posts, if you see one of may articles on a mobile the margins are not correct. There is no chance to correct this. How can I correct this?

May be you need access to my backend for helping me with this tecnical issues? Then please give me a notice to send you the username and password.

Thank you for your support.
Best regards from Germany
Peter Jurgilewitsch