Image showing twice on AMP?

/**
* Style template.
*
*/

if (!defined("TD_THEME_NAME")) {
return; // do not run on other themes...
}

if ( TD_DEPLOY_MODE == 'dev' ) {
// compile the css
require_once 'external/td_node_less/td_less_compiler.php';
$response = td_less_compiler::compile_less_file(AMP__DIR__ . '/templates/less/amp_main.less', AMP__DIR__ . '/templates/css/amp_main.css' );
}

$plugin_url = plugins_url('', __FILE__);

echo '
@font-face {
font-family: \'newspaper\';
src: url(\'' . $plugin_url . '/images/icons/newspaper.eot?8\');
src: url(\'' . $plugin_url . '/images/icons/newspaper.eot?8#iefix\') format(\'embedded-opentype\'),
url(\'' . $plugin_url . '/images/icons/newspaper.woff?8\') format(\'woff\'),
url(\'' . $plugin_url . '/images/icons/newspaper.ttf?8\') format(\'truetype\'),
url(\'' . $plugin_url . '/images/icons/newspaper.svg?7#newspaper\') format(\'svg\');
font-weight: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
';

echo '
/*
COMPILED amp_main.less
*/
';

$compiled_less = file_get_contents(AMP__DIR__ . '/templates/css/amp_main.css' );
echo $compiled_less;

echo '
/*
AMP custom CSS
*/
';

$td_amp_custom_css = "
<style>

/* @theme_color_amp */
a,
.td-post-author-name a,
.footer-email-wrap a,
.td-search-query,
.td-page-content blockquote p,
.td-post-content blockquote p {
color: @theme_color_amp;
}

.td-rating-bar-wrap div,
.td-page-content .dropcap,
.td-post-content .dropcap,
.comment-content .dropcap,
.td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_controls_playlist_wrapper,
.td_default_btn,
.td_round_btn {
background-color: @theme_color_amp;
}

.td_quote_box,
.td_wrapper_video_playlist .td_video_currently_playing:after {
border-color: @theme_color_amp;
}

/* @menu_background_amp */
.td-header-wrap {
background-color: @menu_background_amp;
}

/* @menu_icon_color_amp */
.td-search-icon .td-icon-search {
color: @menu_icon_color_amp;
}

/* @footer_background_amp */
.td-footer-wrap {
background-color: @footer_background_amp;
}
/* @footer_text_color_amp */
.td-footer-wrap,
.td-footer-wrap a,
.td-footer-wrap .block-title span {
color: @footer_text_color_amp;
}

/* @sub_footer_background_amp */
.td-sub-footer-wrap {
background-color: @sub_footer_background_amp;
}

/* @sub_footer_text_color_amp */
.td-sub-footer-wrap,
.td-sub-footer-wrap a {
color: @sub_footer_text_color_amp;
}

</style>
";

$td_css_compiler = new td_css_compiler($td_amp_custom_css);

// theme color
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('theme_color_amp');

// menu color
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('menu_background_amp');
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('menu_icon_color_amp');

// footer color
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('footer_background_amp');
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('footer_text_color_amp');

// sub-footer color
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('sub_footer_background_amp');
$td_css_compiler->load_setting('sub_footer_text_color_amp');

echo $td_css_compiler->compile_css();